Revolutions
摘要
“All that is solid melts into air”. This is one of the most famous phrases of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in The Communist Manifesto of 1848. And it continues: “all that is holy is profaned, and man is at last compelled to face with sober senses, his real conditions of life, and his relations with his kind.”1 This formulation captures the dynamic which, according to Marx and Engels, characterises the modern or “the bourgeoisie epoch”, which is the preliminary culmination of a revolutionary upheaval.2