Interoceptive Awareness and Socio-emotional Markers in Japanese

Our understanding and use of language is closely related to our physical experiences and perceptions. The physiological and physical arousal accompanying emotions, together with socially and culturally shared knowledge about emotions, shape how we express emotions linguistically.3 Everyday conversation requires speakers not only to exchange information but also to continuously align their emotional and epistemic stances with those of others. Recent perspectives on embodied communication propose that stance regulation is partly shaped by how individuals monitor and interpret their internal bodily states.4 If bodily awareness varies across individuals, their linguistic stance expressions may also differ.