Aspectuality of verbal nouns in Polish
摘要
The Polish system of verbal nouns differs significantly from the Russian and Ukrainian systems. This primarily concerns the regularity of formation: in Polish, verbal nouns are derived from the vast majority of verbs and are used far more frequently in speech. This becomes evident when attempting to translate even simple conversational phrases from Polish, such as Nie mam nic do jedzenia → Мне нечего есть → Мені нема чого їсти ‘I have nothing to eat’, where in Russian and Ukrainian variants the use of a verb is normative, whereas in Polish a construction with a verbal noun is more natural. Here is an illustrative example from professional translation practice. The following phrase from the well-known work “Latarnik” by H. Sienkiewicz, is rendered quite differently in Russian translations by M. L. de Walden and V. M. Lavrov.