Trends in insecticide resistance in Northwest Europe

Pesticide resistance within the order Arthropoda has been a subject of interest in the entomological sciences and among pest management professionals since Dr. Arne L. Melander, from the Washington Agricultural Experiment Station, first asked the question in 1914: ‘Can insects become resistant to sprays?’ (Melander, 1914). This was based on observations that sulfur-lime was less efficient than formerly in controlling San José scale, or orchard aphids, of the brown mite. This has been largely ascribed to ‘the general adoption of the factor-made clear solution which is popularly regarded as subject to a mysterious adulteration.’