Trends in insecticide resistance in North America

The management of insect pests in agricultural systems is an ancient problem that is still evolving today. It has been estimated that arthropods destroy 18–26% of world crop production on an annual basis with a value of more than $47 billion (Culliney 2014). The control of these insect pests in North America is largely dependent on synthetic insecticides. Worldwide, insecticides have been estimated to account for 26–29% of total pesticide usage, and the U.S. makes up approximately 6–7% of total insecticide used (Atwood and Paisley-Jones 2017).