Women smallholders and technology: facilitating access to improve farm productivity and profitability
摘要
Women are often the farmers who cultivate food crops and produce commercial crops alongside the men in their households as a source of income. Women are major contributors to the agricultural workforce and food security in developing countries, either as family members or in their own right as women heading households. However, the productivity of women in agriculture is often constrained by their limited access to productive resources (e.g. land, labor, fertilizer, improved seed, and machinery or capital) and services, which could have serious implications for food security of their family and women themselves (Meinzen-Dick et al., 2011; Agarwal, 2015; Nijuki et al., 2016; Aryal et al., 2018). Moreover, a mixture of economic constraints, cultural norms, and practices limit womens’ contribution to household food security and, to a lesser extent, inhibit the commercialization of the agriculture sector. Gender roles and relationships influence the division of work, the use of resources, and the sharing of the benefits of production between women and men. In particular, the introduction of new technologies and practices, underpinned by improved service provision, often disregards the gendered-consequences of marketoriented growth and many benefits bypass women.