Types of silvopastoral systems: adding trees to pasture/rangelands
摘要
Silvopastoral Systems (SPS) have been identified as an efficient land management strategy to increase the performance of animal and tree production, livestock welfare (Esquivel, 2017), and improve carbon (C) sequestration in soil and in trees to offset livestock emissions (Figueiredo et al., 2017). These systems are a type of livestock agroforestry, which associates trees and/or shrubs with pastures (Mosquera-Losada et al., 2006; Chará et al., 2020). The system comprises a woody component, which involves any type of tree, interacting with conventional components (herbaceous forage or pastures) under an integrated management system (Gándara et al., 2021). Trees provide timber, fruit, firewood, seeds, and shade generators (Luccerini et al., 2013). SPS are alternative management systems which both mitigate and adapt to climate change (Feliciano et al., 2018). SPS are a sustainable way of land management that has been both politically and economically promoted worldwide (CAP 2014–2020) as a tool to increase carbon sequestration in soils among other benefits that agroforestry provides (Mosquera-Losada et al., 2018).