Spanning approximately 227 million hectares, the forests of the European Continent embody a diverse mosaic of ecosystems, characterised by coniferous, broadleaf, and mixed forests, as outlined in the State of Europe’s Forests Report (FOREST EUROPE 2020). However, this distribution is far from uniform across the Continent, with considerable variations in forest cover, types, and management among European nations. Consequently, forest management strategies vary, from timber production-centric approaches in some regions to cultivating non-timber products and services in others. The overall figure does not include Other Wooded Land (OWL): land not classified as forest but which still contains a significant percentage (typically over 10%) of trees, bushes, and shrubs). OWL accounts for roughly 27 million hectares, a relatively small overall area. The prevalence of OWL varies across European territories, ranging from 0.6% to 4.7%, except in Southwest Europe where OWL encompasses 14.4% of the land area (FOREST EUROPE 2020).

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Creating resilient silvopastoral systems: Mediterranean silvopastoralism as a model for agroforestry

  • Marina Castro,
  • Júlio Germano de Souza,
  • José Castro

摘要

Spanning approximately 227 million hectares, the forests of the European Continent embody a diverse mosaic of ecosystems, characterised by coniferous, broadleaf, and mixed forests, as outlined in the State of Europe’s Forests Report (FOREST EUROPE 2020). However, this distribution is far from uniform across the Continent, with considerable variations in forest cover, types, and management among European nations. Consequently, forest management strategies vary, from timber production-centric approaches in some regions to cultivating non-timber products and services in others. The overall figure does not include Other Wooded Land (OWL): land not classified as forest but which still contains a significant percentage (typically over 10%) of trees, bushes, and shrubs). OWL accounts for roughly 27 million hectares, a relatively small overall area. The prevalence of OWL varies across European territories, ranging from 0.6% to 4.7%, except in Southwest Europe where OWL encompasses 14.4% of the land area (FOREST EUROPE 2020).