The reform of policing in London paved the way for the reform of policing elsewhere in England, entailing the replacement of old policing with new (or professional) policing. This chapter will discuss the background to the introduction of professional policing across England outside the Metropolis in the first half of the nineteenth century. It will evaluate the key legislation that was enacted during the early decades of the nineteenth century to bring about police reform (1835 and 1839 in addition to local legislation of a temporary nature). The chapter will discuss the differing governance arrangements with which these initiatives were associated, emphasising the importance attached to policing by consent. By the middle of the nineteenth century, the development of professional policing was piecemeal and patchy and the chapter will conclude with a discussion of the background and content of the 1856 County and Borough Police Act (especially as regards governance arrangements) which made the introduction of professional police forces compulsory across England and Wales.