The chapter establishes the overarching argument of the book, that Spinoza has become a “decoy” philosopher for the left. In the dominant readings of Spinoza, left theory has substituted a materialism of objects and bodies (legacies of the matterism of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries) for the materialism of relations. Through this displacement, what comes to matter are (non)human bodies and objects and their interactions, while the historical relations that shape them and their “forces” are themselves subsumed into object relations. Against what the chapter theorizes as the “Left Spinozists,” who have in the post-68 era deployed Spinoza’s ideas (formed by his own times and his own class ties) to represent his regressive materialism as innovative, pioneering thoughts, the chapter argues for a counter tradition of materialism, the materialism of the social totality of capitalism and the dialectics of transformation.