This chapter argues that while Arthur’s narratorial presence in Biclarel is minimal, it links directly to articulations of sovereign identity and power, and that the king is a competent and autocratic ruler who needs no advisors. By emphasizing Biclarel’s potential anthropophagy and the terror his figure evokes, the poet aligns his protagonist more closely with the Norman Garulf of Marie de France’s Bisclavret than with her protagonist. Yet he subsumes any threat associated with Biclarel’s body and actions by rendering the latter a blunt instrument—a perpetrator of the coercive and subjective violence through which the sovereign maintains his position of power. Moreover, the poet uses language to focalise the judicial process in relation to both the wolf and the king, thereby sanctioning the wolf’s violence. The chapter also argues that Arthur’s style of rule engages spectacle, particularly in the wife’s punishment; his justice renders the wife an example of what befalls those who undermine or challenge sovereign power. However, as the chapter demonstrates, the poet’s efforts to condemn the wife collide with his admiration for her rhetorical skill. Ultimately, he fails to reproduce the open (queer) ending of his source and instead proffers a conclusion that highlights the importance of female figures within heteronormative social systems.

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Biclarel

  • Renée Ward

摘要

This chapter argues that while Arthur’s narratorial presence in Biclarel is minimal, it links directly to articulations of sovereign identity and power, and that the king is a competent and autocratic ruler who needs no advisors. By emphasizing Biclarel’s potential anthropophagy and the terror his figure evokes, the poet aligns his protagonist more closely with the Norman Garulf of Marie de France’s Bisclavret than with her protagonist. Yet he subsumes any threat associated with Biclarel’s body and actions by rendering the latter a blunt instrument—a perpetrator of the coercive and subjective violence through which the sovereign maintains his position of power. Moreover, the poet uses language to focalise the judicial process in relation to both the wolf and the king, thereby sanctioning the wolf’s violence. The chapter also argues that Arthur’s style of rule engages spectacle, particularly in the wife’s punishment; his justice renders the wife an example of what befalls those who undermine or challenge sovereign power. However, as the chapter demonstrates, the poet’s efforts to condemn the wife collide with his admiration for her rhetorical skill. Ultimately, he fails to reproduce the open (queer) ending of his source and instead proffers a conclusion that highlights the importance of female figures within heteronormative social systems.