Photonics in Sensing and Imaging

Photonics is one of the burgeoning research fields showing its interdisciplinary relevance for industrial sectors. It broadly encompasses the study regarding the generation, manipulation, and detection of light and resulted in a multitude of fascinating applications in domains [1,2] including spectroscopy, sensing, environment, and imaging. This chapter reviews the potential developments in spectroscopy, specifically Raman spectroscopy, a non-destructive technique employed for examining materials in various forms, X-ray diffraction technique, and ultraviolet visible spectroscopy. This is followed by examining the role of photonics in sensing utilizing platforms like optical fiber, photonic crystal, and metamaterials, along with the Internet of Things (IoT). Further, advances in imaging are discussed at terahertz frequency, as well as employing meta-designs and confocal laser scanning microscopy. This can empower a new era of innovation for photonic and industrial sectors.