In the 21st-century knowledge economy, the linear model of education involving school, degree, job, and retirement has unraveled. As technological change accelerates, career paths become nonlinear, and the shelf life of skills shortens dramatically. This chapter explores the systemic transformation underway in the education-to-work ecosystem and argues for a reimagined, modular, and interoperable infrastructure that supports lifelong learning. Through the lens of the human capital supply chain, we examine how credentialing systems, digital learning records, and open skills frameworks can create an agile and equitable foundation for workforce resilience.