Mobile phones have become an integral part of contemporary life, holding large amounts of personal, work-related, and sensitive information. With this rise in usage, mobile devices have increasingly become vital sources of evidence in criminal investigations. This chapter introduces readers to the foundational concepts of mobile forensics, covering the evolution of the field, key mobile operating systems, the necessity of mobile forensic practices, and the methods used for data extraction and analysis. Additionally, it highlights official guidelines, challenges in the domain, and the role of mobile forensic processes in modern law enforcement.