The integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies with greenhouse and vertical farming systems is revolutionizing modern agriculture, particularly in urban settings. This chapter explores how IoT-enabled environments facilitate precise control over key growth parameters such as temperature, humidity, light, and nutrient delivery. These smart systems enhance agricultural productivity, minimize resource consumption, and enable year-round cultivation. Coupled with advances in biotechnology especially gene editing and microbial inoculants urban vertical farming is becoming increasingly efficient, resilient, and sustainable. The chapter highlights innovations such as hydroponics, aeroponics, AI-driven environmental control, and advanced LED lighting that drive sustainable urban agriculture. By localizing food production, these technologies reduce transportation emissions, conserve water and land, and contribute to food security in a rapidly urbanizing world. Together, IoT and biotechnology offer a transformative path forward, addressing the challenges of global food demand and ecological impact through high-tech, space-efficient farming methods.