Section 3.5 introduced the process of replacing commonsense concepts with mathematical expressions, particularly through ratios. By the end of Section 4.3, we had defined 36 ratios, forming 36 independent variables for our scorecard model. Chapter 5 shifts focus from constructing ratios to adding another dimension to our variables—that is, time. Time plays a crucial role in shaping behavior and outcomes, and this chapter explores how temporal patterns enhance predictive modeling by emphasizing the importance of when actions occur.