Carlota Perez’s seminal book titled the same as this chapter, Technological Revolutions and Financial Capital, presents a comprehensive theory of how technological revolutions drive long-term economic cycles and social transformation. The central theme argued by the book is that modern civilization has been shaped by five distinct technological revolutions starting from the Industrial Revolution, each following a similar three-phase pattern of installation, deployment, and maturity. Each technological revolution in Perez’s framework begins with a breakthrough innovation that opens new opportunities for profit. For instance, the Industrial Revolution began with mechanized cotton factories; the age of steam and railways with the Liverpool–Manchester railway; the age of steel and heavy engineering with the Bessemer steel process; the age of oil, automobiles, and mass production with Ford’s Model T; and the age of information with the Intel microprocessor.