Bio-Based Carbon for Supercapacitors

Due to the increased demand for sustainable energy conversion and storage solutions, significant research has been conducted on carbon-based materials for supercapacitor (SC) applications. Notable among carbon-based materials are bio-carbons derived from sustainable sources, including agricultural waste, biomass, and algae. These precursors are great candidates for energy storage materials because they have tunable pore architectures, high specific surface areas, and excellent electrical conductivity. Furthermore, in line with the global agenda for greener technologies, their sustainability and biodegradability help them leave a less environmental footprint. For carbon production, several methods have been investigated, including pyrolysis, hydrothermal carbonization, and physical and chemical activation. Each method has its advantages and drawbacks. The end products have promising electrochemical features, including high capacitance, fast charge/discharge rates, high power density, and long cycle life. However, issues including low mechanical stability and a limited amount of energy density still exist, demanding further studies to improve bio-based carbons for SC integration. By solving these issues, bio-based carbon materials will have the potential to revolutionize energy storage technology by providing efficient, affordable, and sustainable answers for various applications, from grid-scale energy storage to portable devices. This chapter highlights the fundamentals, benefits, and challenges of using bio-based carbons and their nanocomposites as electrode materials in SCs. The synthesis processes, structural traits, and electrochemical performance of bio-based carbons in SCs are all covered. The chapter also emphasizes the value of more significant research in this area and the contribution of bio-based carbons to a more sustainable and environmentally friendly energy future.