Single-Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical Water Splitting

This chapter provides an in-depth exploration of single-atom catalysts (SACs) for electrochemical water splitting. We compare and contrast the features of nanoparticles and SACs, emphasizing the unique properties of the latter, including high catalytic activity and selectivity. The effect of support materials on SACs is explored in detail, highlighting the importance of optimal anchoring and electronic interaction between the SAC and support. The chemical nature of SACs is also discussed, including the role of coordination number and geometry in their catalytic activity. Stability and durability, essential factors for practical application, are examined for SACs, focusing on strategies to enhance their stability through surface engineering and synergistic interactions. We delve into the recent advances in noble metal-based SACs for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), as well as transition metal-based SACs for the same reactions. The chapter concludes with a summary of the current knowledge on SACs for electrochemical water splitting, highlighting their potential for efficient and sustainable hydrogen production.