Defending Against Vishing Attacks: A Comprehensive Review for Prevention and Mitigation Techniques

Vishing attacks, or voice phishing attacks, are a type of social engineering attack in which attackers use voice communication channels, such as phone calls, to trick victims into divulging sensitive information or performing actions that compromise their security. Vishing attacks have become increasingly common in recent years and can have severe consequences for individuals, businesses, and organizations. In this review, we examine various prevention and mitigation techniques that can be used to defend against vishing attacks. We start by discussing the common tactics used by attackers and how they exploit vulnerabilities in human behaviour to achieve their goals. We then present an overview of different prevention and mitigation techniques, including education and awareness campaigns, technical solutions such as authentication mechanisms and policy-based approaches. We also evaluate the effectiveness of different techniques, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses, and provide guidance on how to implement a comprehensive vishing defence strategy. Finally, we discuss emerging trends and challenges in vishing attacks and defence, such as the use of artificial intelligence and deepfake technology, and suggest directions for future research and development. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the current state of vishing attacks and defence, and should be of interest to researchers, practitioners, and individuals who want to enhance their knowledge and understanding of this important topic.