Assessment of Strength and Compaction Properties of Clays Treated with Paper Sludge-Based Stabilizers from Laboratory Mixture Tests

Soil stabilization using paper sludge ash-based stabilizers (PSASs) has been developed as a technique for using the sustainable materials generated from industrial processes in construction projects while conventionally soil stabilization is conducted using cement. PSASs can be produced by insolubilizing heavy metals in original paper sludge (PS) ash particles, i.e., the wastes generated by the incineration of PS discharged from paper mills. There is an established process consisting of different steps for utilizing cement-based stabilizers to remediate construction-generated soil. By using that process which is applicable to cement-based stabilizers, this study aimed to investigate the strength characteristics of PSAS-treated soils, using two types of PSASs. Based on the test result, a modified flow diagram is proposed for soils treated with PSAS for practical application.