Effect of Foundation Tip Shape on Penetration Mechanism Visualized by Transparent Model Ground

Penetration tests were conducted into a transparent model ground which visualizes internal movement of soil particles and development processes of a bearing capacity. The movements were observed in the center section of the ground during tests. Then, the movements were applied to an image analysis, and the development processes of the bearing capacity were confirmed. As a result, the following issues are founded in this study: (1) The bearing capacity mechanism was visualized. Then, the tip angle of the active wedge and the thickness of the shear strain layer were measured. (2) In the cone foundation, it was confirmed that the cone portion becomes a part of the active wedge. In addition, it was confirmed that the active wedge may not develop depending on the cone tip angle. (3) The required settlement for the development of the active wedge is different for each test, but the vertical loads are equal. (4) Regardless of foundation tip shapes, the tip angles of the active wedge were 107 ± 1° in this experimental condition.