Complex Systems-Based Design of Frugal Products

Products of the frugal type have attained prominence and diffused around the world (Rao, 2013) (Knorringa et al., 2016) (M. Hossain and Halme, 2016) (Pisoni et al., 2018) due to their potential to improve living standards of society at large. This is due to the affordability of quality products realized through restrictions on the consumption of resources for producing no-frills versions of electrocardiograms, cars and plasma technology, with more examples covered in the previous chapters. The examples showcased in chapters 3 and 4 cover frugal products of both the grassroots and advanced types in sectors including healthcare, automotive, astronomy and particle physics, to name a few.