Sustainable Agriculture

Sustainable agriculture addresses the environmental, economic, and social issues related to agricultural systems. In general, the objectives of sustainable agriculture are intended (1) to improve the entire food and agricultural system. (2) To ensure that arable land is protected and (3) to preserve the vitality of family-owned farms and rural communities. With the development of sustainable agriculture, it might increase high-yield polyculture, organic fertilizers, biological pest control, irrigation efficiency, perennial crops and crop rotation. Green solutions should be developed to overcome the issues, i.e. environmental sustainability and food security and safety achieving sustainable agriculture. Integrated management concerning water resource management, soil management, fertilizers and pesticides management, integrated farming system, and climate-smart agro-foresty management (CSAFM) should be established. In addition, the developed innovation technologies should be focused on renewable energy (biogas), soil conservation (biochar), water quality/wetlands, agricultural drip irrigation, and AIoT technologies for precision agriculture. The critical connection of water resource, energy efficiency and food production could be affected in green agriculture. The implementation of Green Chemistry Principles (GCP) with green process engineering could enhance energy-resource efficiency, water reclamation effectiveness and food-security assurance by forming water–Energy–Food (WEF) nexus. Therefore, construction of decarbonizing supply chains for carbon neutrality in agriculture industries should be developed in the future.