The Characteristics of EV-A71-CV-A16 Infection and Interaction with a Host

Recently, the number of HFMD outbreaks in the Asia–Pacific region has been increasing every year. Relationship between EVs and activation of the host immune response is still not completely clear. In addition to the innate immune response, the host may launch an adaptive immune response, which the virus can escape to proliferate and replicate within the host. EVs have evolved multiple strategies to interfere with the recognition by these receptors that developed during evolution with the host. EVs also encode host cytokines and receptor mimetic factors to create a favorable microenvironment for pathogen survival and to escape the protective immune response of the host. During the coevolution of humans with other organisms, viruses participated in many host functions through viral encoded proteins or microRNAs (miRNAs), which can adapt to a new environment or host. The antiviral immune responses induced by different EVs are different. To answer these questions, more research is needed. In this chapter, EV-A71 and CV-A16 virus infections were analyzed to understand the characteristics of EV infections.