An Analysis of Objective Function Modification Approaches in Routing Protocols for Low Power and Lossy Networks: A Fuzzy Logic-Based Perspective

The routing protocol known as RPL is employed in low power and lossy networks. It makes use of an objective function (OF) to establish a Destination Oriented Directed Acyclic Graph (DODAG) and ascertain the most suitable parental candidate or trip route. Nevertheless, the task of identifying a suitable OF in Low Power and Lossy Networks (LLN) is a significant challenge. The RPL was intentionally designed to possess a high degree of flexibility, allowing for the construction of routing topologies without imposing any specific routing metric or constraint. This design choice was made to accommodate the diverse range of LLN that exist. This study provides a critical overview of recent literature pertaining to the topic of RPL and specifically focuses on the many strategies aimed at enhancing OF inside the RPL protocol. The objective of this study is to provide an analysis of relevant endeavors, including the development of innovative metrics and the application of fuzzy logic techniques in the combination of OF metrics. Furthermore, this paper discusses the recommended augmentation strategies, as well as constraints and future development directions. The research community can employ the findings to gain a deeper comprehension of objective functions and improve the performance of RPL in the face of security problems.