An Introduction to Impedimetric Biosensing Systems for Virus Detection

Development of robust technologies for quick detection of pathogenic microorganisms at the earliest point of care is a key challenge, particularly in the face of increasing pathogenesis. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) provides a simple solution for detection of diverse analytes based on an analysis of the frequency response of the substrate to a time-varying electrical excitation. Impedimetric biosensor design involves development or use of substrates, linker chemistries for modification with diverse nanostructures for bioconjugation of biological recognition elements, and their integration on a suitable transduction platform for direct read out. The current article discusses the key aspects in the design of impedimetric systems for biosensing applications, particularly for detection of viruses applicable to primary health management setups and water treatment plants. Key prospects, perspectives, and state of the art for virus detection applicable to low- and middle-income countries (LIMCs) are also discussed.