Performance Analysis of Network Coverage Area in WSN Using Optimization Techniques

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are created by deploying various sensor units in harsh environments for target monitoring, as well as by deploying various tiny sensors collectively. The sensor units monitor the data in their vicinity and send it to the sink for processing. However, due to various parameters such as coverage area, in-built sensing and processing units, and so on, the sensor nodes may consume more power when forwarding information to the sink. We concentrate on the existing issues in the coverage control of various sensor models for quantitatively and qualitatively solving the sensor network coverage area. Various optimization techniques such as spotted hyena optimization (SHO), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and moth flame optimization (MFO) are studied and discussed. The trade-off between coverage rate, total number of sensor nodes, and energy consumption was observed, and the techniques’ significance was compared.