Advanced and Emerging Techniques in Soil Health Management

Since over the past 50 years, soils are under strain conditions, it is the result of improvements in agricultural technology, and growing population brought greater demand. In many nations, intense agricultural production has depleted the soil, endangering its ability to produce enough food for current populations as well as future ones. A better understanding of the connections between soil life and ecosystem function and the effects of human interventions is urgently needed to reduce negative effects and more effectively reap the rewards of soil biological activity for more sustainable and fruitful agriculture. A very crucial topic that must be dealt with in a highly scientific manner in order to gain widespread acceptability is the quantification and monitoring of soil health assessments. Soil sample collection and their preparation for analysis, shipping them to the lab, and waiting for estimation are all time-consuming and expensive traditional soil sampling methods. Field spectrometry is becoming increasingly and popular for soil research as concerns about more efficient farming methods, the effects of climate change, excessive chemical fertilisation, erosion, and pollution rise. It also offers the chance to properly categorise soil/land changes throughout a sizable region. The incorporation of AI and nanotechnology into precision agriculture will play a crucial role in probing the design parameters of nanomaterials for use in fertilizer and pesticide delivery and ensure for safe and sustainable agriculture in order to ensure minimal effects on soil health and nanomaterial residues remaining in the edible tissue portions.