Sprıng Wheat

Spring wheat is grown in winter in temperate regions where winter temperatures do not fall below −5 ºC and only in summer in regions with very cold winters. In Türkiye, spring wheat is sown in the coastal zone such as the Aegean and Mediterranean, where winters are not very cold, and in the Southeastern Anatolia Region, where winters are mild. Wheat is a long-day crop. In conditions where the day length is 12–14 h, they pass into the generative period. Wheat is a very important and strategic product for Türkiye. Since it was first produced, it has been in the first place for nutrition in the world. Although it changes every year, annual production changes around 20 million tons. Facultative and winter wheat varieties account for 60–70% of the wheat produced, and the rest is spring wheat, which is usually grown under rainfed or irrigation conditions in the coastal and southeastern regions of the country. The vast majority of grown spring wheat consists of varieties and germplasm originating from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT). Wheat research in Türkiye first started at Eskişehir Sazova Seed Improvement Station, which was reported to be established under decree dated December 13, 1925. This was followed by studies in Yeşilköy, Adapazarı, Adana, and Samsun Seed Stations established in 1926. Currently, eight research institutes established in Samsun, Sakarya, İzmir, Antalya, Adana, Kahramanmaraş, Diyarbakır, and Şanlıurfa province are studying spring wheat.