Recent Technologies in Wheat Breeding

The adventure of wheat started with the hybridization of T. monoccocum × Ae. speltoides in nature and the formation of tetraploid T. dicoccoides from the polyploidization of the hybrid T. dicoccoides × Ae. tauschii. It is understood that hexaploid wheats were formed from the Ae. tauschii hybridization and the polyploidization of the hybrid. The breeding process of wheat takes 10–13 years from hybridization to variety registration. While developing varieties, methods such as induction, selection, mutation, and gene transfer are used. In recent years, biotechnological methods have been started to be integrated into breeding studies in order to carry out wheat breeding studies quickly and effectively. Researchers carrying out wheat breeding studies use practices such as doubled haploid, marker-assisted selection, and speed breeding in order to shorten the long breeding process and increase the selection efficiency. Thus, labor, space, and time savings are provided. Wheat breeding studies are carried out taking into account the preferences of farmers, industrialists, and consumers, and climate change.