Religion as a Means to Address Disaster Uncertainty: Case Study of Kullu and Mandi District, Himachal Pradesh

Throughout human history, numerous disasters have plagued humanity, and various religions worldwide have attempted to explain their occurrence through diverse mythologies and folklore. However, very little is known about the fascinating deo/devta/deota tradition in the Kullu district of Himachal Pradesh, also called the devta tradition or local deity tradition. This chapter sheds light on this unique tradition, in which every village in the district has its deity believed to protect its inhabitants from disasters and uncertainties. This study delves into religion’s role in reducing or eliminating the uncertainties caused by disasters. The study highlights various rituals and practices, highlighting people's reliance on cultural values and traditions. It emphasizes the importance of local beliefs and practices when dealing with disasters and how they can provide security and reassurance to those affected. The local deities, who are considered the guardians of their respective villages or regions, assist people in coping with disaster-related uncertainties through the use of shamans. According to local beliefs, the deities can also cause disasters in the valley if they become angry.