Neuropathology of Neurological Disorders

Neuropathology delineates the examination of cells and tissues, to assimilate the structure and function of the neurological system as well as the diagnosis and pathology of diseases that impact the nervous system. It studies the effects of disease on the nervous system and can be used to diagnose and categorize particular neurological conditions. This comprises studies of the muscles, nerves, and ganglia (the peripheral nervous system), and the brain and spinal cord (the central nervous system). A wide array of techniques such as immunohistochemistry, molecular biology, and light and electron microscopy are being used to observe neuropathological alterations in various neurological disorders. Neuropathology highlights the structural and functional observations of neurological diseases ranging from cellular to micro-anatomical constructs to identify the biomarkers that are responsible for the progression of the diseases. Several imaging technologies are also used which include CT scans and MRI to deeply examine the modifications in neurological disorders. The examination of several neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and multiple sclerosis, rests severely on neuropathology. In this chapter, we will discuss about the neuropathology of several neurological disorders.