Systematic Approach in Modeling the Biochemical Resistance Exhibited by the Plants Under Stress Conditions

Plants are often exposed to adverse environmental conditions that have a significant impact on crop yield. The incredible plant’s ability to adapt to an extensive range of challenging conditions is a captivating process. The stimulation of multiple responses comprising multiple complex gene interactions as well as several molecular pathways is a striking feature of plant stress tolerance. In this chapter, we have modeled the technological implications in understanding the plant defense mechanisms when encountered to stress. The impact of stress on plants can be investigated through physiological estimations as well as biochemical evaluations, i.e., enzymatic assays comprising catalases (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidases (POD), ascorbate dismutase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), and nonenzymatic assays such as carotenoids, α-tocopherol, and ascorbic acid. Furthermore, a profound understanding of plant intricates machineries at various levels that upsurge tolerance to adapt to adverse environments. It requires the application of omics, i.e., transcriptomics: next-generation sequencing (NGS), microarray, and ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequencing; proteomics: mass spectrometry (MS) and 2-D fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis (DIGE); and metabolomics: high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography (GC), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Computational analysis such as statistical modeling, mixed modeling, and structural modeling for comprehending gene analysis is also a better approach to anticipate stress mediating gene structures. The ability to sequence genomes, as well as the accessibility of novel molecular tools, has propelled biological study into the genomics as well as post-genomics eras. Investigating the physiological changes and metabolic functions not only provides an improved comprehension of the evolutionary processes but also impacts on agricultural science and technology. However, deep underlying knowledge of plant responsiveness under various stress conditions is vague and needs to be researched more.