Charging and Discharging Model of Electric Vehicle Virtual Power Plant Considering Dynamic Electricity Price in New Power System

Electric vehicles are being used on a large scale, and virtual power plants are redefining electric vehicles. A profit maximization model of EVs charging/discharging is constructed in this paper.The model is aimed at the maximum profits, while being constrained by power/energy storage batteries charging/discharging capacities and the travel needs of EVs.The model also express the charging/discharging decision of EVs very well. An analysis and calculation of the economic benefit and charging distribution of EV charging/discharging have been made by simulating user travel needs with Monte Carlo method. The data of the user travel rule come from NHTS (National Household Travel Survey) in 2021. The results indicate the rational charging/discharging model which can be significantly improved by responding to the TOU(Time Of Use) and RT (Real-Time) electricity price. Meanwhile, due to the cheaper off-peak electricity price at night, the expensive on-peak electricity price during the day, electric vehicles tend to charge at low load time and discharge at peak load time inversely so as to achieve peak load shifting. The power/energy storage batteries storage function of EVs is worth further developing.