Exploring Cross-Chain Mechanisms and Projects in Blockchain: A Comprehensive Summary

The blockchain world is getting more and more complicated in other fields besides supply chain, finance and judicial evidence as a result of the technology's rapid development, making “communication” between various blockchains crucial. However, there are obvious differences between various blockchains in terms of the storage structure, security mechanism, and consensus mechanism. The lack of an interconnection mechanism between inter-blockchain results in high barriers to communication between blockchains, which is detrimental to the healthy development of blockchain technology and the blockchain application ecology. The utilization of cross-chain technology in blockchain is a significant technical approach to achieving blockchain interconnectivity, enhancing blockchain interoperability, and scalability. The paper examines the present state of cross-chain technology development and applications. In the context of the present state of blockchain cross-chain technology research, the five cross-chain mechanisms are analyzed and compared, along with the mainstream cross-chain projects, which are described and compared. This article's comparative study reveals that cross-chain technology still has some weaknesses, including execution efficiency, security, and interoperability. Additionally this paper presents two primary challenges, the validation and reversal of cross-chain transaction and security in cross-chain. Further technical advancements and standardization may be required to secure the cross-chain ecosystem. Lastly, this paper summarizes blockchain cross-chain technology and points out future directions.