Rapid EV Market Expansion Due to V2G Technology: A Review on V2G Grid Load Balancing and Control

The rapid growth of electric vehicle (EV) markets in recent years leads to a lot of attention toward the vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology. Electric automobiles are capable of serving as mobile power storage for grid load balancing. EV development has now been very helpful for grid balancing, especially for load leveling, frequency and voltage control, peak load shaving, smooth renewable energy integration, and reactive power adjustment. The article covers V2G technology, charging schemes, operations, control, and challenges comprehensively. This study explores the opportunities, problems, and technology of electric vehicles in V2G systems. Topologies, functions, implementations, barriers, control methods, core concepts, current details, advantages, disadvantages, and associated services are also discussed. Highlights EV integrations to a grid or vice versa and its benefits. Lastly, the proposed study finishes with future research recommendations to address gaps and concerns.