Response of Offshore Wind Turbine Foundation Subjected to Earthquakes, Sea Waves and Wind Waves: Numerical Simulations

Offshore wind turbines are an economical and sustainable method for generating renewable energy over extended periods. They efficiently harness wind power and are strategically located far from residential areas in the sea, resulting in minimal noise pollution. These towering structures rely on wind as their primary energy source and are installed at varying water heights from shallow to medium depths. The critical aspect of ensuring the stability of the foundation for such massive and tall structures becomes particularly important, especially in regions prone to earthquakes. This research paper focuses into the influence of wind loading on offshore wind turbine platforms, with specific emphasis on the suction caisson foundation. To assess the effects of wind loads, numerical analyses were performed using the finite element software PLAXIS. The findings reveal that horizontal deflection and shear stress increase as the angle of internal friction and unit weight decrease. Additionally, the study conducts parametric analyses to explore the impact of other variables on the behaviour of the turbine. These conclusions emphasize the significance of designing resilient foundations for offshore wind turbines, considering factors such as wind loads, soil characteristics, and structural parameters. This ensures their long-term stability and effectiveness as a sustainable source of energy.