Genetic and Breeding Advancement in Buckwheat: A Pseudocereal of Himalaya

Buckwheat is an emerging pseudocereal crop with significant nutritional and agronomic importance. Buckwheat consists of both diploid (2n = 16) and tetraploid (2n = 32) species. Recent advancements in genetics, genomics, and the understanding of molecular mechanisms related to different traits have deepened our knowledge of buckwheat’s genetic diversity and its potential for crop enhancement. The development of preliminary buckwheat genome assembly via Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology compliments the molecular research in buckwheat. High-density genetic maps have identified and well-characterized numerous genes and Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) associated with important traits. Additionally, researchers are exploring epigenetic factors such as DNA methylation and microRNAs, which have been found to influence various phenotypes. This book chapter aims to compile the existing knowledge related to molecular, genetics, and genomics in buckwheat and explore its potential applications in buckwheat improvement programs. These interdisciplinary approaches hold significant promise for the continued enhancement of buckwheat as a sustainable and nutritionally valuable crop, particularly in the face of evolving agricultural challenges.