Genetic and Molecular Advancements in Saffron (Crocus sativus L.)

Saffron (Crocus sativus) is a high-value industrial herb with a rich history dating back to ancient civilizations. Its significance lies in its aromatic, colouring, and medicinal properties, making it one of the world’s most valuable spices. Understanding the genetic regulation of saffron’s bioactive compounds can lead to improved saffron cultivation and quality. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of saffron’s origin, genetic characteristics, biosynthesis, gene expression, and therapeutic potential, highlighting its importance in both traditional and modern medicine.