Visceral Pain and Pelvic Pain Related to Urogenital System

Chronic urogenital or pelvic pain is frequently encountered by clinical practitioners in the clinical practice, especially urologists, gynecologists, and gastroenterologists. In most cases, patients have been suffering from pain for a long time and often do not visit the clinicians until the pain becomes severe enough to interfere with their daily life. The complaint of pain is in the lower abdomen, pelvis, and perineum, suggesting possible acute or chronic injury to the lower abdominal and pelvic organs. However, many healthcare providers often question the presence of chronic pelvic pain (CPP) and urogenital pain, especially when no clear pathological changes can be detected by examinations [1]. Therefore, it is important to realize that a patient’s pain is not only a sign of pelvic and urogenital pathology, but also an indication that the patient is suffering as chronic pain is itself a condition that needs to be managed. Moreover, such pain is particularly important because its location is closely related to sexual function, defecation, and urinary function. In addition, emotional and psychological changes closely related to pain are often considered to be the cause of pain [1]. Whereas, from the perspective of pain management, healthcare professionals should update the concept that patients’ emotional and psychological changes and pain can be causal and mutually reinforcing. This chapter discusses the mechanisms and classification of CPP and the management of CPP in men, while for CPP in women, please refer to Chap. 11 .