Chemical Processing of Cotton Textiles

Cotton is the preferred option in the clothing industry because of its softness, absorbency, comfort, and resistance to chemicals. However, the production process is quite intensive, involving a series of preparatory, colouring, and finishing processes before the final product is ready for use. From cultivation to the final stages, cotton is the most water and chemical-intensive fibre. This chapter provides a concise overview of the three main categories of cotton processing. The preparation section covers the chemistry and structure of cotton fibres, as well as the sequential sub-preparatory processes that are used, including singeing, desizing, scouring, bleaching, and mercerization. The section also discusses process shortening through recipe formulation due to the high cost and negative environmental impact of the processes. Environmental issues related to the preparatory processes are also addressed. The dyeing, printing, and finishing sections follow a similar pattern and include information about the Ethiopian scenario.