This chapter introduces the overview of energy-saving and carbon reduction in China, analyzes the current challenges, clarifies the importance of energy-saving and carbon reduction to achieve the strategic goal of China's carbon peak and carbon neutrality, proposes the general direction and path of energy-saving and carbon reduction in China, the direction and path of key areas, analyzes the cases of energy-saving and efficiency improvement, and puts forward countermeasures and suggestions on energy-saving and carbon reduction, which are of great theoretical guidance and practical value for promoting energy-saving and carbon reduction in various industries and implementing the strategic goal of carbon peak and carbon neutrality. It is of great theoretical guidance and practical value to promote the work of energy-saving and carbon reduction in various industries, and to implement the strategic goal of “dual carbon”.