A Review on the Geopolitics of China: From Perspectives of History and Theories

The reliance on the sea for survival and its pivotal role in human history, particularly in terms of food, communication, trade, and defense, dates back thousands of years. Throughout this extensive history, views on maritime power have evolved through various stages. This chapter revisits key geopolitical theories, with a focus on figures such as Mackinder, examining their applicability to contemporary China and the current international order. It also delves into recent developments in China’s maritime strategies, influenced by economic growth and its increased political power. Notably, initiatives such as the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road reflect China’s aspirations to safeguard its maritime interests and expand its presence. The chapter emphasizes the importance of China’s maritime vision, particularly concerning security in the South China Sea and fostering cooperation with neighboring countries in the region (Sheng, L. [2022]. How Covid-19 reshapes new world order: Political economy perspective. Springer).