Recent Progress and Challenges in Hydrogen Storage Medium and Transportation for Boosting Hydrogen Economy

Hydrogen, the lightest element with highest gravimetric energy density, has attracted global interest as clean chemical fuel with water as the only byproduct. Hydrogen is an excellent choice to replace conventional fossil fuels due to its high calorific value and low ignition energy. Along with these, the growing consumption of energy globally has encouraged researchers to work on hydrogen technology for a carbon–neutral sustainable economy. This can be realized by cost-efficient production of hydrogen. Once hydrogen is produced, the most challenging task is to figure out the safe and convenient storage of it because of its low volumetric energy density. And hydrogen storage is essential for its use in mobility and stationary applications. Various hydrogen storage methods have been developed e.g., liquid hydrogen at cryogenic temperature, compressed gaseous hydrogen in high pressure tanks, and in solid materials in gaseous form through adsorption or absorption process. So, to realize the hydrogen economy in true sense, it is important to explore the more convenient and efficient hydrogen storage methods, which is one of the major bottlenecks of hydrogen economy. Thus, considering the importance of the field, this review article is designed to highlight some of the recent progress and challenges associated with hydrogen storage methods and their use for mobility applications.