Na-Rich Layered Oxide Cathode Materials for High-Capacity Na-Ion Batteries: A Review

Over the last few decades, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have dominated the market of energy storage devices due to their wide range of applications ranging from grid–scale energy storage systems to electric vehicles (EVs). However, the increasing demand for sustainable energy sources and scarcity of lithium draws attention to other alternatives, such as Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). SIBs are potential candidates for sustainable energy storage devices due to their high natural abundance and low cost of Na-based materials. However, the low specific capacity of standard cathodes and the poor cycle life of Na-rich cathodes still limit the practical application of SIBs for high-energy applications. This review summarizes the challenges and recent progress in the development of Na-rich layered cathode materials. We highlight some of the critical parameters that modulate the anionic redox in high-capacity Na-ion batteries. This review provides the present state of understanding and is expected to be helpful for the future design and development of improved Na-based cathode materials for high-energy applications.