The paper sheds light on the impact of Open Science Movement on medical libraries and discusses the changes prompted from Open Access as a founding part of Open Science. Brief overview of status of medical education and medical libraries has been given. The area of Open Science in which medical and healthcare institutions have actively engaged is Open Access. Further, in order to understand the current trend in the subject field of Medical Science a bibliometric analysis using the Scopus database was carried out on the literature published in the last five years (2018–2022). Based on bibliometric indicators, the rate of publication growth in the field of Medical Science worldwide was analysed. The analysis of growth of Indian medical literature, top institutions contributing to Open Access publications and top funding sponsors were also analysed. Lastly, the paper discusses the various new roles that medical libraries are required to play in the Open Science era.