Conflict and Fusion: Liao, Jin, Xia, and Yuan Dynasties

Regimes coexisting with the Song Dynasty comprised Liao, Jin and Xia (it was originally called “Great Xia” and because it was located on the west of Song regime, it was also named “Western Xia”) and Mongolia, which were all established by Chinese minorities. Although their cultures differed greatly from that of Han Chinese, there were both conflicts and exchanges due to wars and communications among these regimes. With the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty, political unity and cultural integration were finally achieved.