Cryoglobulinemia

Cryoglobulinemia is a distinct entity characterized by end-organ damage caused by precipitation of cryoglobulins in small- to medium-size blood vessels. Its diagnosis is challenging and for effective management, it is important to differentiate it from other conditions with close differential diagnosis such as CAD, PCH, PNH, and drug-induced hemolytic anemia. In this chapter, a clinical case scenario is presented followed by step-by-step evidence-based approach to utilize specialized and advanced tests to unravel final diagnosis of cryoglobulinemia. A comprehensive description of pathophysiology of disease, correlation of results of investigations with signs and symptoms, causes of spurious cell counts in automated analyzers, handling and processing of blood samples of suspected cases of cryoglobulinemia are presented in question–answer format. Salient points are summarized for quick revision. To gain expertise in this topic and enhance your diagnostic skills for effective planning of management, read this chapter on cryoglobulinemia.