Bypassed On-Chaining: A Highly Secure and Loosely Coupled Data On-Chaining Solution for Electricity Demand Response Systems

Using blockchain technology to improve data security, correctness, and trustworthiness of electricity demand response systems is currently a research hotspot in the field of energy IoT. However, the on-chaining process in existing blockchain-based electricity demand response systems often causes problems like poor data correctness and long transaction response time. This paper proposes a novel, secure, and loosely coupled data on-chaining solution called bypassed on-chaining. First, the events occurring in each system terminal are logged into a local database. Subsequently, the independent on-chaining module of each terminal continuously reads the local database to obtain operational data, constructs transactions, and sends them to blockchain nodes. Each terminal only sends requests to the backend services and does not send requests to the blockchain directly, which decouples system operation from the blockchain. The experimental results from our case study show that bypassed on-chaining can ensure the correctness of both system operation data and on-chain data regardless of whether the user client is running normally or not, meanwhile maintaining fast transaction response times, thus significantly improving system reliability and user experience.